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目的:梳理全球范围内"药妆品"监管情况,并对我国政府监管和行业发展提出建议。方法:选取化妆品生产和消费的主要国家或地区作为研究对象,如欧盟、美国、日本、韩国、加拿大等。通过对我国以及上述国家或地区的化妆品定义、相关产品分类、是否承认"药妆品"等情况进行研究比对,对其中容易造成错误理解的概念进行阐释,结合近年来相关问题的监管手段及监管趋势进行分析,总结出适合我国国情的监管建议。结果:通过研究比对,"药妆品"概念不符合大多数国家或地区关于"化妆品"的定义及相关法规要求,监管部门对此持相对谨慎态度,并采取了多种监管手段。结论:"药妆品"在全球范围内基本不具有合法地位,我国监管部门应继续保持打击力度,加强上市后监督检查;同时,进一步规范产品分类和功效宣称,积极引导整个行业长期健康发展。 相似文献
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Peng‐fei Lei Shi‐long Su Ling‐yu Kong Cheng‐gong Wang Da Zhong Yi‐he Hu 《Orthopaedic Surgery》2019,11(5):914-920
Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology, virtual reality, and augmented reality technology have been used to help surgeons to complete complex total hip arthroplasty, while their respective shortcomings limit their further application. With the development of technology, mixed reality (MR) technology has been applied to improve the success rate of complicated hip arthroplasty because of its unique advantages. We presented a case of a 59‐year‐old man with an intertrochanteric fracture in the left femur, who had received a prior left hip fusion. After admission to our hospital, a left total hip arthroplasty was performed on the patient using a combination of MR technology and 3D printing technology. Before surgery, 3D reconstruction of a certain bony landmark exposed in the surgical area was first performed. Then a veneer part was designed according to the bony landmark and connected to a reference registration landmark outside the body through a connecting rod. After that, the series of parts were made into a holistic reference registration instrument using 3D printing technology, and the patient's data for bone and surrounding tissue, along with digital 3D information of the reference registration instrument, were imported into the head‐mounted display (HMD). During the operation, the disinfected reference registration instrument was installed on the selected bony landmark, and then the automatic real‐time registration was realized by HMD through recognizing the registration landmark on the reference registration instrument, whereby the patient's virtual bone and other anatomical structures were quickly and accurately superimposed on the real body of the patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to use MR combined with 3D printing technology in total hip arthroplasty. 相似文献
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Tselios Konstantinos Yap Kristy Su-Ying Pakchotanon Rattapol Polachek Ari Su Jiandong Urowitz Murray B. Gladman Dafna D. 《Clinical rheumatology》2019,38(1):269-269
Clinical Rheumatology - Prof. Ari Polachek on of the author of the published version of this article missed to add his second affiliation which is the Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky... 相似文献
96.
Yinlei
Wen Huaguang Zhang Hanguang Su He Ren 《Optimal control applications & methods.》2020,41(4):1233-1250
In this article, a model-free off-policy reinforcement learning algorithm is applied to address the optimal tracking problem based on multiplayer non-zero-sum games for discrete-time linear systems. In contrast to the traditional method and the policy iteration method for solving the optimal tracking problems, the proposed algorithm operates with the system data rather than the knowledge of the system dynamics. For performing the proposed algorithm, an auxiliary augmented system is constructed via assembling the original system and the reference trajectory while a discount factor is introduced into the performance indexes. It is analyzed that the solutions of the proposed algorithm converge to the Nash equilibrium and the result is not influenced by the probing noise. Two simulations are presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
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Cognitive Computation - Short-term wind speed prediction plays a significant role in the management of large-scale wind power plants. However, wind speed prediction is extremely complex and... 相似文献
100.